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Nuwe Geskiedenis van SA
English
Introduction
Part 1 - From the first people to the first settlements
Chapter 1 - The First People
Early humans
Australopithecines, Homo ergaster and Homo sapiens
Classification of modern man
The Cradle of humankind
Landscapes of History
Massive changes
Out of Africa?
Are we all Africans?
Pre-history and the future
The "Rainbow"' Species
The Eve gene
Apes and Hominids - Dart's Find
The 'herd mentality'?
The hunter-gatherers of South Africa
The earlier Stone Age
The long history of the Stone Age people
Clasification of stone tools
History without written records
The later Stone Age
The meaning of rock art
The middle Stone Age
Rock art as a record of spiritual beliefs
Dating rock art
Paintings and engravings
The KhoiKhoi pastoralists
Polities of the Khoikhoi
The Khoikhoi and the San
Trading with Europeans
Three Khoikhoi interpreters
The origin of farming in South Africa
People and pottery styles
Settlement organisation and society
Metallurgy
The origin of the black political communities
Clients and clientship
Differentiation
Early trade
Copper miners of Musina
Regional development and settlement
Segmentation
The Lobedu and Tsonga
The Nguni Community
The power of the chiefs increase
The Sotho-Tswana
The Venda
People of the second millennium
The Nguni
The Sotho-Tswana
Venda origins
The Indian ocean trading system
The Shashe-Limpopo basin and the origin of the Zimbabwe culture
The Mapungubwe period
Making rain
Chapter 2 - A new society drawn from three continents
A cauldron of conflict
"Strict and equal justice''
A headlong flight
''A Proper degree of terror''
A turbulent frontier
Coenraad De Buys
The Slagtersnek Rebellion
Andries Stockenstrom
A colony of settlement
Architecture of the colony
Life on the platteland
A complex settlement
A struggle to survive
Burghers in government
Free and unfree immigrants
A question of burgher rights
The first free burghers
Across the sandy plain
Endorsing food production by burghers
German immigrants
Opting for unsystematic colonisation
My name is Van der Merwe
Travels into the interior
Perpetuating slave labour
The arrival of the Huguenots
Three momentous decisions
Changing times
A necessary evil
A slave insurrection
People of Bondage
A 'sort of child of the family'
The complexities of slavery
Mixed liaisons
Naming a slave
Nannies and wet-nurses
Punishment and paternalism
The dispute over baptism
The Quest for freedom
The Slave Lodge
A different kind of police force
Resistance to colonial expansion
The Khoikhoi squeezed
The resistance of the san
'Conciliation rather than terror'
The commando
The baggage in their heads
Influences from Europe - an egalitarian tendency
Hierarchial tendencies - influences from the far East
The company they kept
'rendezvous' at the Cape
The first journeys
VOC - The first multinational corporation
VOC information
The khoikhoi and the Dutch
Disputes and war
Resistance by Gonnema and Dorha
A threat to a way of life
The rise of the new communities
Afrikaners
Hendrik Biebouw - the first Afrikaner?
Bastaards
Patriots and a founding myth
The muslim community
Judgement of an imam
The rise of Afrikaans
The Xhosa and the Boers
A new frontier district
The Zuurveld - A contested zone
The laager
Frontier ''republics''
The coming of the British
Frontier wars
The first frontier war
Ties that chafed and bound
Chapter 3 - A proper British colony
A distinctive colony
A quest for a treaty
Stockenstrom, Godlonton and Bowker
An unstable frontier
A Xhosa chief's dilemma
'we do not do things as you do them'
Most clamorous against the [Xhosa] nation
A question of survival - Stockenstrom's options
Xhosa chiefs and common Boers
The insecurity of the farmers
The role of soldiers and military
Hintsa's War
Ending slavery
Emancipation's aftermath
Katie Jacobs, a slave wet-nurse
Slave emancipation
Slaves and their religion
The surprise of Emancipation Day
Religious and cultural states
Different faiths different tongues
The first press polemic
Different kinds of mission
Johannes van der Kemp and gelykstelling
Spreading the Word and literacy
The impact of foreign missionaries
The Muslims
The spread of missions
Nxele Makhanda and Ntsikana
The British take root
Lord Charles and the settlers
Ox-waggons - keep left
The revolution in government
A great trek
'A strange and moving spectacle'
Piet Retief's manifesto
The voortrekkers - Nationalists or Materialists?
Into the interior
Lack of labour
Lack of land
Lack of security
Political marginalisation
Survival on the frontier - Stockenstrom versus Retief
Trouble within
Why they left
Part 2 - From the great irruptions to African nationalism
Chapter 4 - A time of trouble and rapid transformation
The aftermath of the Mfecane
Manthatisi and Sekonyela of the Tlokwa
Moletsane of the Taung
Moshoeshoe and the Sotho
The Ndebele state in the western Transvaal
The Pedi
The Swazi
Shaka Zulu
Tswana societies
The Mfecane
From small lineages to proto-states
How did the Mfecane begin?
The Difaqane on the highveld
The role of the Griqua
The turmoil spreads
Why did the Mfecane occur?
The 'Cobbing thesis'
The myth of the empty land
Chapter 5 - Consolidation and expansion of the colonial presence
Colonial expansion into the South African interior
Natal
Indians in Natal
The Shepstone system - the first 'locations'
Trekker woman 'a disgrace on their husbands'
Southern Transorangia (Free State)
Expansion of wool farming
Diamonds and after
From diamonds to confederation
Origins of the migrant labour system
The creation of Griqualand West
The diamond monopoly
The making of the liberal Cape
The anti-convict agitation: South Africa's first mass movement
The Kat River rebellion
White settlement on the highveld, and African reaction
The Pedi
The Sotho under Moshoeshoe
The Southern Tswana
The Swazi
The trekkers
Inboekselinge and oorlams
The voortrekkers - a chosen people?
Chapter 6 - From the fall of kingdoms to the rise of nationalism
African kingdoms: conquest and survival
The destruction of the Pedi Kingdom
The destruction of the Zulu kingdom 1879 - 1896
The battle of Isandlwana
The Bhambatha rebellion
The end of Griqua independence
The Hlubi under Langalibalele
The Sotho
The Swazi
The Tlhaping and Rolong
The Venda
Swart Skuts
Friends of the natives' and the origin of African nationalism
Tiyo Soga
The cattle have gone
The catastrophe of Nongqawuse
The fatal prophecy
The peasant moment
The cattle have gone (poem)
Part 3 - From agrarian to industrial society (1850–1945)
Chapter 7 - From territorial expression to sovereign state
A new British thrust
Kruger's reforms and their critics
The rise of Paul Kruger
Frontiersman to President
Rhodes, Hofmyr and Kruger
The concession policy of the Kruger government
The shaky ZAR is annexed
Economic opportunities
English cultural dominance
Sammy Marks - Kruger's Jew
Growing political consciousness
An ideal Commonwealth
Fragile republics
The colony of Natal
The battles of Gandhi
The roots of segregation
A black South Africa
A vision of race and empire
The Glen Grey experiment
The London Convention of 1884
Chapter 8 - Gold and War
The second line of war: black involvement
A violent engagement
Olive Schreiner
Why 'South African war' not 'Anglo-boer war'?
Abraham Esau
Emily Hobhouse
Rolong participation in the South African war
San Participation in the South African war
The story of gold
A template for the country
Johannesburg - an instant city
Recruiting migrant workers
The price miners paid
The rise of mining corporations
Prospectors, Mining Corporations and Randlords
The white labour force
The work and families of migrants
A template for the country
The migrant and his family
The war for South Africa
Accounting for war
Anglo-Boer diplomacy
Capitalist War for Gold?
Gold and Anglo-Boer crisis
The end of the war
War in Comparative Perspective
The Jameson Raid
John Tengo Jabavu's Dissenting voice
The march to war
The phases of the war
Piet de Wet
Sol Plaatje
Chapter 9 - A new South Africa in the Making
Launching the Union
Black resistance continues
'Dividing' the land
Black views of the Land Act
Indian resistance
The formation of a new party
Milnerism and reconstruction
Boer political revival
'Winternag'
First South African census
The question of race
An early model for Apartheid
The road to Union
A national convention
Black rejection
World War 1
An Afrikaner rebellion
Christiaan de Wet
Jacobus Hercules De la Rey
In the vortex
The Spanish Flu
The war's aftermath
Chapter 10 - A turbulent decade
A framework of segregation
A framework for white labour
The SAP Defeat of 1924
The Pact government and Afrikaner interests
Post-war crises
Bulhoek and Bondelswarts
Strikes and the Rand uprising of 1922
The SANNC ANC and ICU
A Revolution of two stages
The flamboyant Clements Kadalie
Chapter 11 - Diverse communities
A new spiritual force
A challenge to old methods
Missionaries and social activism
Origins of the term 'Apartheid'
Coloureds: between white and black
Coloured political organisation
Dr Abdullah Abdurahman
Straatpraatjes
The unity movement
The first black challenges
A crisis in the reserves
Black farm workers
The hopes for black education
Dr Xuma's charge
The post-1948 influence of missionaries
Urban life
The Indians
The white communities
English speakers and South Africa's economic advance
English-speaking whites
Jan Smuts, a world figure
The Afrikaners
'He is despised and treated as an inferior'
The crisis of 'poor white-ism'
Hendrik Verwoed and Quotas
Saving the poor Afrikaner
The Jewish community
Urbanisation and change
Chapter 12 - The great depression and war
A resurgent Afrikaner nationalism
N.P Van Wyk Louw - A man of letters
The Afrikaner Broederbond
Afrikaner economic mobilisation
Economic woes and political reaction
A convention
D.D.T Jabavu - Rallying White and Black
Coalition and fusion
Curbing the Black franchise
Attempting to justify disenfranchisement
Fusion: 'The great experiment'
Non-European conferences
The coloured vote
Nationalist divisions
The consolidation of nationalist unity
The ANC regroups
A 'last God-given opportunity'
A letter to Mandela
The watershed of war
South Africa at war
'Fighting with Knobkieries'
The home front
Part 4 - From an Afrikaner state to an African state (1945–2005)
Chapter 13 - The Afrikaner nationalists in power
1960 - A fateful year
Sharpeville and its aftermath
The campaign for a referendum
A momentous election
Affluent, but powerless
Sir Ernest's different worlds
Black views of the 1948 election
Nat Nakasa's puzzlement
Ons is nie almal so nie
The National Party in the ascendant
Hendrik Verwoerd - an academic in politics
The West and National Party rule
Transition troubles
A resurgent African National Congress
Mandela and the ANC in the 1950s
Mobilised resistance
'Strijdom, you have struck a rock'
The Defiance Campaign
The Freedom Charter
Robert Sobukwe: a visionary
Towards an activist movement
Satyagraha and the defiance campaign
Constructing the apartheid system
An African explains apartheid
Apartheid education
Communal apartheid
Racial classification and human tragedy
Group areas
Contrasting views on residential segregation
Intervention and resistance
Working-class icons
Labour and influx controls
Opposition politics
'If I were prime minister' by Albert Luthuli
Political apartheid
The NP's homeland obsession
Black rejection of the Tomlinson report
Verwoerd's shift in policy
The ANC turns to Armed struggle
Mandela and Umkhonto weSizwe
Mayibuye and arrests
The Rivonia trial
The 'Fabulous years'
1966, the heyday of apartheid
A complex society
A massive boom
Black income and apartheid
International isolation
A 'competitive alternative' to integration
Resistance, repression and censorship
Bram Fischer, an Afrikaner communist
The Homelands vision falters
Verwoerd's assassination
The post-war era
The Fagan report
'The Natives want rights'
The Sauer report
Chapter 14 - In search of a new order
A dirty frontier war
A hero in jail and a democratic front
A rival front
Combating the constitution
The United Democratic Front
An unscheduled aside and the UDF's birth
A state of change
A different kind of politician
Verligtes versus verkramptes
A police state?
'A strong state and weak subjects'
Homelands or dumping grounds?
The homeland style of politics
A 'total onslaught'
A fatal attraction
A precious unity lost
'Healthy power-sharing'
'Adapt or die'
Buthelezi - ally or foe?
Destabilisation
The Nkomati accord
Fears for the future
In pursuit of settlement in South West Africa
The progressive parliamentary opposition
The persistent voice of Helen Suzman
An urban uprising
A security assessment
Business and the political crisis
A letter to the president
Business, government and unions
Reforms in the Midst of revolt
The penalty of sanctions
Democratic struggles
Leading from jail
Sacrificing schooling
The 1984 uprising
The protests spread
'Render South Africa ungovernable'
The 'crossing of the rubricon' speech
Leadership crisis
A leader toppled
The Broederbond - Talk shop or all-powerfull?
The ANC in exile
A failed military strategy
A Rout in Rhodesia
The anguish of exile
Reading the omens well
The Vietnamese model of succes
The weakness of the underground
Winning hearts and minds
The Black Consciousness movement
A seperate black organisation
The distinct voice of Steve Biko
Into the schools
Spreading the ideas
The mobilising agenda
The retreat of white rule
A commission not heeded
A secret operation
A nuclear capability
A sharp weakening of white power
A crime against humanity?
High noon in southern Africa
The fall of Rhodesia
The Soweto uprising of 1976
The underlying causes
Afrikaans and the Soweto uprising
'Ruining the fabric of society'
The uprising
The strike that changed South Africa
The Durban strikes of 1973
The rise of independant unions
Weakening control
A stroke and its consequences
The model nationalist
Exploring negotiations
The Wall disintegrates
Chapter 15 - Towards an inclusive democracy
A final word: a perplexing, challenging country
A hybrid state
Growing inequality
Return of political stability
'The worst never happens'
Tied together by an expanding economy
A new constitution
Fudging the main concerns
The ANC ascendant
The breakdown of Codesa
The final constitution
Thabo Mbeki's Speech - I am an African
The final hurdles
Struggle Twins - Chris Hani & Thabo Mbeki
The founding elections
The election result
The Mandela-De Klerk row
Negotiating in turbulent times
A time of unrest
The violence in comparative perspective
Rogue units
The Mandela factor
The right wing blusters
General Constand Viljoen's anguish
Pursuing growth and redistribution
Baptism of fire
The ANC's medley of models
Deracialisation and redistribution
Enhancing competitiveness
The ANC's Left baulks
The 'self-enrichment of the few'
The BEE 'New establishment'
Two approaches
The Mandela presidency
A spirit of reconciliation
Mandela's presidency - how good was it?
The NP's decline
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
An elusive search for truth
De Klerk's apology for Apartheid
The Mbeki presidency
Imposing leadership control
The ANC's centralisation of power
The decline of state capacity
The HIV-AIDS crisis
The judiciary and crime
Zackie Achmat and the Treatment Action Campaign
Trying to fashion educational equality
A system in crisis
Educational performance 1993-2004
South Africa: The foreign view
Bridges too far
New tasks, new ideals
The chasm to bridge
The persistence of inequality
Timeline
List of categories
Acts, bills, ordinances and proclamations
Aliens Act (1937)
Apprenticeship Act (1922)
Asiatic Law Amendment Ordinance (1906)
Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
Bantu Education Act (1953)
Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)
Development Trust and Land Act (1936)
Employment Equity Act (1998)
Franchise and Ballot Act (1892)
Glen Grey Act (1894)
Group Areas Act (1950)
Hertzog bills
Hottentot Proclamation (1809)
Immorality Amendment Act (1950)
Indian Relief Act (1914)
Industrial Conciliation Act (1924)
Industrial Conciliation Act (1956)
Internal Security Act (1976)
Juvenile Affairs Act (1921)
Mines and Works Act (1911)
Native Administration Act (1927)
Native Urban Areas Act (1923)
Natives Bill for Africa
Natives Land Act (1913)
Natives Laws Amendment Act (1952)
Ordinance 33 (1827)
Ordinance 50 (1828)
Ordinance 60 (1829)
Ordinance 9 (1825)
Parliamentary Voters Registration Act (1887)
Population Registration Act (1950)
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
Quota Act (1930)
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
Riotous Assemblies Amendment Act (1930)
Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)
South Africa Act (1909)
South African Indian Council Act (1968)
Suppression of Communism Act (1950)
Suppression of Communism Amendment Act (1952)
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996)
Wage Act (1925)
Women’s Enfranchisement Act (1930)
Agreements
Belhar Confession
Cape Town Agreement
D.F. Malan Accord (Feb 1991)
Declaration of Intent (1991)
Groote Schuur Accord (Feb 1991)
Nkomati Accord May 1990
Pretoria Minute (Aug 1990)
Record of Understanding (Sept 1992)
Selborne Memorandum
Companies, businesses, corporations and groups
Anglo American Corporation
British South Africa Company (BSA)
Chamber of Mines
Chase Manhattan Bank
De Beers Consolidated
Diamond Corporation
Dutch East India Company (VOC)
General Mining and Finance Corporation
Johannesburg Consolidated Investment
OK Bazaars
Rembrandt Group
Robinson Group
Sanlam
Santam
South African Breweries
Union Corporation
Vereeniging Estate Land Company
Ethnic groups
Afrikaners
Basotho/Sotho people
Basters/Bastaards
Bhaca people
Bhele people
Bushmen/San
Cele people
Chainouqua Khoikhoi
Chunu people
Coloured people
Dange people
Fingo/Mfengu
Fokeng
Gonaqua Khoikhoi
Gqunuhwebe people
Griqua people
Gwali people
Hlakwana people
Hlubi people
Hottentots/Khoikhoi
Hurutshe people
Jele people
Kalundu people
Kgalagadi people
Kgatla people
Khoisan
Khumalo people (Ndebele)
Kololo people
Koni people
Kopa people
Kora people
Korana Khoikhoi
Kutswe people
Kwena people
Lemba people
Lobedu people
Mabhudu people
Maseko people
Mkhize people
Mpondo people
Mpondomise people
Mthethwa people
Namaqua Khoikhoi
Ndebele people
Ndwandwe people
Ndzundza people
Nguni
Ngwaketse people
Ngwane people
Ngwato people
Ntinde people
Pai people
Pedi people
Phalane people
Phuting people
Polane people
Pondo people
Pulana people
Qwabe people
Ramokhele people
Rolong people
Seleka people
Shangaan
Sotho-Tswana people
Swazi people
Taung people
Tembe people
Thembu people
Tlhaping people
Tlharo people
Tlokwa people
Tshidi
Tsonga people
Tswana people
Venda people
Xhosa
Zizi people
Zulu people
Events
Afrikaner rebellion (1914)
Amalinde battle (1818)
Anglo-Boer War/South African war
Anti-pass campaigns
Armed struggle
Balfour Declaration (1926)
Berea battle (1852)
Bhambatha rebellion
Bisho massacre
Black Flag rebellion (1875)
Bloemfontein Convention (1854)
Blood River battle (1838)
Boipatong massacre
Bondelswarts rebellion
Boomplaats battle (1848)
Bulhoek massacre (1921)
Church Street bombing (1983)
Convention for a Democratic South Africa (Codesa)
Colenso battle (1899)
Congress of the People (1955)
Cottesloe Consultation
Cuito Cuanavale battle
Defiance Campaign (1952)
Difaqane
Dithakong battle (1823)
Durban strikes (1973)
Freedom Charter (1955)
Frontier wars
Gingindlovu battle (1879)
Great Trek
Gun War (1880–1881)
Influenza epidemic (1918)
Information Scandal
Isandlwana battle (1879)
Jameson Raid
Kat River rebellion
Keate Award (1871)
Khambula battle (1879)
Khoikhoi-Dutch War
Khotso House bombing
Kwa Makutha massacre
Ladysmith siege (1899)
Langa march (1960)
Langeberg campaign (1886)
Mafeking siege (1899)
Mafikeng conference (1997)
Mafikeng massacre
Magersfontein battle
Mbholompo battle (1828)
Mfecane
Morogoro conference (1969)
Multiparty Negotiating Process (MPNP)
Napier Treaty (1843)
National Convention (1908-1909)
Nongqawuse cattle-killing (1856–1857)
Paardeberg battle
Pretoria Convention (1881)
Programme of Action (1949)
Sand River Convention
Sebokeng riots (1984)
Sharpeville massacre (March 1960)
Smallpox epidemic (1713)
South African Native Convention (1909)
South African War (1899–1902)
Soweto uprising (1976)
Treason Trial (1960)
Treaty of Thaba Bosiu
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
Turnhalle conference (1975)
Ulundi battle (1879)
Vaal Triangle riots
Vegkop battle (1836)
Vryheidsoorlog
Wankie campaign
World War I
World War II
Government departments, agencies and councils
Bureau for State Security (Boss)
Civil Co-operation Bureau (CCB)
Coloured Persons’ Representative Council
Department of Information
Joint Management Centres (JMCs)
Koevoet
National Intelligence Service (NIS)
Southern African Development Co-Ordinating Council (SADCC)
State Security Council
Transitional Executive Council
Union Native Representative Council
Government programs, policies and projects
‘civilised labour’ policy (1925)
Accelerated Shared Growth Initiative (2006)
Affirmative action
Apartheid
Bantu education
Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)
Burgher Land Settlement Scheme
Colour bar
Concessions policy (1881)
Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR)
Influx control
Job reservation
Location system
National Security Management System
Nationalisation
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
Nuclear programme
Pass laws
Privatisation
Racial classification
Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)
Segregation
Sports policy
State of emergency
Homelands
Bophuthatswana
Ciskei
Gazankulu
KwaZulu
Lebowa
Qwa Qwa
Transkei
Venda
Individuals
Abdurahman, Abdullah
Achmat, Zackie
Ackerman, Gustave
Afrikaner, Jonker
Albu, George
Alexander, Rachel (Ray)
Alexander, Neville
Amin, Idi
Arbousset, Thomas
Archbell, James
Arnot, David
Attlee, Clement
Autshumato (Harry)
Ayliff, John
Baden-Powell, Robert
Bailey, Abe
Bain, A.G.
Baines, Thomas
Baker, Herbert
Ballinger, Margaret
Banda, Hastings
Barends, Barend
Barends family
Barkly, Sir Henry
Barnard, Lady Anne
Barnard, Niel
Barnato, Barney
Barrow, John
Barry, Dr James
Basson, Wouter
Beattie, Sir Carruthers
Beit, Alfred
Bell, C.D.
Bergh, Oloff
Bernstein, Lionel
Bethell, Christopher
Beyers, C.F.
Beyers, F.W.
Bezuidenhout, Daniël
Bezuidenhout, Freek
Biddulph, T.J.
Biebouw, Hendrik
Biehl, Amy
Bigge, J.T.
Biko, Steve
Bloem, Jan
Blythe, William
Boesak, Allan
Bokwe, John Know
Boleu, Chief
Boraine, Alex
Botha, Louis
Botha, P.W.
Botha, R.F. (Pik)
Bourke, Richard
Bowker, J.M.
Bowker, T.H.
Brain, C.K. (Bob)
Brand, Christoffel
Brand, Jan
Breytenbach, Breyten
Brookes, Edgar
Broom, Robert
Bryce, James
Burger, J.J.
Burger, Schalk
Burgers, Thomas Francois
Burnett, Bishop
Buthelezi, Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi, Wellington
Byrne, Joseph
Cachalia, Ismael
Calata, James
Calderwood, H.
Campbell, John
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry
Carnarvon, Lord
Carolus, Cheryl
Casalis, Eugène
Casey, William
Castro, Fidel
Celliers, Jan F.E.
Cetshwayo, King
Chamberlain, Joseph
Champion, A.W.G.
Chelmsford, Lord
Christian, J.
Chungwa, Chief
Churchill, Winston
Cillers, Sarel
Cillié, Piet
Clark, William
Clarke, James
Clarke, Ron
Cloete, Hendrik
Coba, Chief
Cobbing, Julian
Coetsee, Kobie
Coetzer, W.B.
Cohen, Sam
Colebrooke, W.
Colenso, Bishop
Colenso, Harriette
Colley, Sir George Pomeroy
Collins, W.
Copelyn, Johnny
Cornelius, Hester
Cosselin, Constant
Crewe, Mary
Crocker, Chester
Cronjé, Piet
D’Oliviera, Basil
D’Urban, Sir Benjamin
Da Gama, Vasco
Dalindyebo, Chief Sabata
Dart, Raymond
De Beers brothers
De Buys, Coenraad
De Kiewiet, C.W.
De Klerk, F.W.
De Klerk, Willem
De Koning, Anna
De la Rey, J.H. (Koos)
De Lange, Piet
De Mist, J.A.
De Villiers, Bruckner
De Waal, J.H.H.
De Wet, Christiaan
De Wet, Piet
De Wet, Quartus
Diaz, Bartholomew
Diederichs, Nico
Dingane
Dingiswayo
Dinuzulu, King
Dlamini-Zuma, Nkosazana
Doman
Don, John Davidson
Dorha (Klaas)
Du Plessis, Fred
Du Plessis, J.C.
Du Plessis, L.J.
Du Toit, J.D. (Totius)
Du Toit, S.J.
Dube, John L.
Duminy, Johanna Margaretha
Duncan, Patrick
Dunkelsbuhler, Anton
Dunn, John
Durnford, A.W.
Dwane, James M.
Edelstein, Melville
Eglin, Colin
Eiselen, W.W.M.
Ellis, Henry
Engelenburg, F.V.
Erasmus, F.C.
Erwin, Alec
Esau, Abraham
Esselen, Ewald
Esselen, Louis
Eva (Krotoa)
Eybers, Elisabeth
Fagan, Henry
Fairbairn, John
Faku, Chief
Faure, Abraham
Feinstein, Andrew
First, Ruth
Fischer, Abraham
Fischer, Bram
Fitzpatrick, Percy
Fourie, Attie
Fourie, Jopie
Frere, Sir Bartle
Gandhi, M.K. (Mohandas)
Gandhi, Manilal
Gardiner, Allen
Garvey, Marcus
Gerdener, G.B.A.
Gerhart, Gail
Geyer, Albert
Gladstone, William
Glenelg, Lord
Godlonton, Robert
Goertz, Adolf
Golding, George
Gomas, John
Goniwe, Matthew
Gonnema
Gool, Cissie
Gool, Goolam
Gorbachev, Mikhael
Gordhan, Ketso
Gordon, Max
Gordon, R.J.
Graaff, Sir De Villiers
Graham, John
Graumann, Harry
Greig, George
Grey, Sir George
Gumede, Archie
Gumede, J.T.
Gwala, Harry
Hammarskjöld, Dag
Hamu, Chief
Hani, Chris
Harcourt, Lewis
Harris, John
Harrison, George
Harry
Havenga, N.C.
Hayes, A.
Heath, Willem
Hendrickse, Allan
Henshilwood, Chris
Hertzog, Albert
Hertzog, J.B.M.
Heunis, Chris
Hintsa, King
Hlongwane, Mlungisi
Hobhouse, Emily
Hobson, J.A.
Hofmeyr, J.H. (Onze Jan)
Hofmeyr, Jan
Hooper, James
Huddleston, Trevor
Hunter, Sir Archibald
Isaacs, Nathaniel
Jabavu, D.D.T.
Jabavu, John Tengo
Jack, Mkhuseli
Jacobs, Katie
Jameson, Leander Starr
Janssens, J.W.
Jeppe, Carl
Joseph, Helen
Joubert, Gideon
Joubert, Piet
Kadalie, Clements
Kasrils, Ronnie
Kelly, Michael
Kemp, J.G.
Kestell, J.D.
Keyter, J.G.
Kgosana, Philip
Khama, Seretse
Kies, Ben
King, Mackenzie
Kissinger, Henry
Kitchener, Lord
Kohl, Helmut
Kok, Adam
Kok, Adam, III
Kok, Cornelis
Koornhof, Piet
Kotane, Moses
Kriegler, Johann
Krige, Uys
Krog, Antjie
Krogh, J.C.
Krotoa (Eva)
Kruger, Casper
Kruger, Jimmy
Kruger, Paul
La Guma, James
Labotsibeni, Regent Queen
Lagden, Godfrey
Langa, Chief
Langalibalele, Chief
Langenhoven, C.J.
Lansdowne, Lord
Lanyon, Owen William
Leakey, Louis
Leballo, Potlako Kitchener
Leibrandt, Vic
Leipoldt, C. Louis
Lekota, Mosiuoa
Lembede, Anton
Leon, Tony
Lerotholi
Letsie, Chief
Letterstedt, Jacob
Lewis, Henry
Lewis, Isaac
Lichtenstein, Heinrich
Lieberman, Hyman
Lindeque, Barend
Lippert, Edward
Lloyd George, David
Loram, C.T.
Louw, Eric
Louw, Mike
Louw, N.P. van Wyk
Louw, Tienie
Louw, W.E.G.
Ludvonga, King
Luthuli, Albert
Luyt, Louis
Lyttelton, Alfred
Mabhogo, Chief
Machel, Samora
Mackenzie, Duncan
Mackenzie, John
Macmillan, Harold
Macozoma, Saki
Madikizela-Mandela, Winnie
Magaye, Chief
Magoboyi, Chief
Maharaj, Mac
Maitland, Sir Peregrine
Makabeni, Gana
Makgatho, S.M.
Makhanda
Makhasane, Chief
Malan, A.G. (Sailor)
Malan, D.F.
Malan, F.S.
Malan, Magnus
Mampuru
Mandela, Nelson
Mandela, Winnie
Mandela, Zindzi
Mangope, Lucas
Mankurwane, Chief
Manthathisi
Manuel, Trevor
Mapikela, Thomas
Maqoma, Chief
Marais, Eugène
Maritz, Gerrit
Maritz, Manie
Marks, J.B.
Marks, Sammy
Mashinini, Tsietsi
Masupha
Matanzima, Kaiser
Matiwane, Chief
Matsepe-Cassaburi, Ivy
Matthews, Z.K.
Mauerberger, Morris
Maynier, Honoratus
Mbandzeni, King
Mbeki, Govan
Mbeki, Moeletsi
Mbeki, T.
Mbeki, Thabo
Mboweni, Tito
Mda, Ashby Peter
Meer, Fatima
Meiring, George
Melville, John
Merensky, Alexander
Merriman, John X.
Meyer, Johannes Pieter
Meyer, Piet
Meyer, Roelf
Mgijima, Enoch
Mhlakaza
Miller, Michael
Millin, Sarah Gertrude
Milner, Alfred
Mkhatshwa, Smangaliso
Moffat, Robert
Mofutsanyana, Edwin
Mojaji (rain queen)
Mojaledi
Mokgatle, Chief
Mokgatlha, Chief
Mokone, Mangena
Mokuoane, Chief
Molefe, Popo
Moletsane, Chief
Molteno, Donald
Molteno, J.C.
Montagu, John
Montshiwa, Chief
Moodley, Strini
Moosa, Valli
Morewood, Edmund
Moroka, Chief
Morris, A.
Morrison, Herbert
Moseme, Chief
Mosenthal brothers
Moshoeshoe, King
Mothibi, Chief
Motlanthe, Kgalema
Mpande, King
Mpangazitha, Chief
Mphephu, Chief
Msane, Saul
Msimang, Mendi
Msimang, Selby
Mswati, King
Mthimkhulu, Chief
Mudge, Dirk
Mufamadi, Sydney
Mugabe, Robert
Mulder, Connie
Murray, Andrew
Mvabaza, L.T.
Mzilikazi
Mzimba, P.J.
Mzingane, Mathew
Nachtigal, Albert
Nakasa, Nat
Napier, Sir George
Naudé, Beyers
Ncaphayi, Chief
Ndabuko kaMpande
Ndlambe, Chief
Nellmapius, Alois
Netshitenzhe, Joel
Ngangelizwe, King
Ngcaba, Andile
Ngonyama, Smuts
Ngoza, Chief
Ngqika, Chief
Ngubane, Jordan
Ngwane V, King
Nkosi, Johannes
Nokuzola, Alice
Nolutshungu, Sam
Nongqawuse
Ntsikana
Nujoma, Sam
Nxaba, Chief
Nxele, Makhanda
Nzo, Alfred
Nzulu, Albert
Oldham, J.H.
Oppenheimer, Harry
Oppenheimer, Sir Ernest
Opperman, Dirk
Opperman, Gottlieb Christiaan
Opperman, Rudolph
Orpen, J.M.
Osborn, Melmoth
Owen, Francis
Pamla, Charles
Pannevis, Arnold
Paton, Alan
Petersen, Hector
Philip, John
Phillips, Lionel
Phosa, Mathews
Pienaar, Schalk
Pine, Sir Benjamin
Pirow, Oswald
Pityana, Sipho
Plaatje, Sol
Pommer, Smith
Poole, Evered
Porter, William
Potgieter, Hendrik
Preller, Gustav
Pretorius, Andries
Pretorius, Marthinus Wessel
Pringle, Thomas
Prinsloo, Willem
Pulleine, Henry
Qabula, Alfred
Qoboza, Percy
Radebe, Gaur
Ramaite, Robinson
Ramaphosa, Cyril
Ramgobin, Mewa
Ramphele, Mamphele
Read, James
Reagan, Ronald
Reitz, Deneys
Relly, Gavin
Retief, Piet
Rharhabe, Chief
Rhodes, Cecil John
Rhoodie, Eschel
Rissik, Johann
Roberto, Holden
Roberts, Lord
Robinson, J.B.
Rolland, Samuel
Roos, Jacobus de Villiers
Roos, Tielman
Rose, Innes James
Rose-Innes, Richar
Rothmann, M.E.
Rubusana, W.B.
Rudolph, Gert
Ruiters, Alister
Rupert, Anton
Sachs, Albie
Sachs, Emil Solomon (Solly)
Salisbury, Lord
Saloojee, Cas
Sandile, Chief
Sarhili, King
Sauer, J.W.
Sauer, Paul
Savimbi, Jonas
Scheepers, Gideon
Schmidt, Georg
Schoeman, Stephanus
Schreiner, Olive
Schreiner, W.P.
Scott, Michael
Sebetwane, Chief
Segal, Ronald
Sekhukhune, Chief
Sekonyela, Chief
Sekwati, Chief
Selborne, Earl
Seme, Pixley Ka-Isaka
Sexwale, Tokyo
Shaka Zulu
Shepstone, ’Offy’
Shepstone, Sir Theophilus
Shilowa, Mbhazima
Sigcau, Stella
Sigcawu, Chief
Sihlali, Simon
Simons, Jack
Sisulu, Walter
Sizane, Stone
Slabbert, Frederik van Zyl
Slovo, Joe
Smit, Erasmus
Smit, Robert
Smit, Susanna
Smith, Andrew
Smith, Harry
Smith, Ian
Smith, Pauline
Smuts, Jan
Snyman, J.P.
Sobhuza, Chief
Sobhuza, II Chief
Sobukwe, Robert Mangaliso
Soga, A.K
Soga, Tiyo
Somcuba
Somerset, Henry
Somerset, Lord Charles
Soshangane, Chief
Southey, George
Southey, Richard
Sprigg, Gordon
Sprigg, John
Stallard, C.F.
Starrenburg, Johannes
Steenkamp, Anna
Stewart, James
Steyn, Jan
Steyn, Marthinus Theunis
Steyn, Pierre
Stockenstrom, Andries
Stoker, H.G.
Storm, Hendrik
Strauss, J.G.N.
Strijdom, J.G.
Strydom, J.G.
Stuurman, Klaas
Suttner, Raymond
Suzman, Helen
Tabata, Isaac Bangani
Tambo, Manchu
Tambo, Oliver
Tas, Adam
Tawana, Chief
Taylor, William
Terre’Blanche, Eugène
Thatcher, Margaret
Theal, George McCall
Thema, R.V. Selope
Theron, Erika
Thloome, Dan
Tile, Nehemiah
Tiro, Onkgopotse Abram
Tobias, Philip
Tobin, J.W.
Tomlinson, F.R.
Tregardt, Louis
Treurnicht, Andries
Truter, Johannes Andreas
Tsafendas, Dimitrio
Tshabalala-Msimang, Manto
Turner, Bishop H.M.
Turok, Ben
Tutu, Desmond
Tyamzashe, Gwayi
Tyhali, Chief
Uys, Piet
Van den Bergh, Hendrik
Van der Bijl, Hendrik
Van der Kemp, Johannes
Van der Merwe family
Van der Merwe, Johann
Van der Stel, Simon
Van der Stel, Willem Adriaan
Van der Walt, J.P.
Van Imhoff, Baron
Van Jaarsveld, Adriaan
Van Jaarsveld, F.A.
Van Meerhoff, Pieter
Van Oudtshoorn, Baron van Rheede
Van Plettenberg, Joachim
Van Reede, H.A.
Van Rensburg, J.F.J. (Hans)
Van Rensburg, Janse
Van Rensburg, Nicolaas (Siener)
Van Riebeeck, Jan
Van Riebeeck, Johanna Maria
Van Riebeeck, Maria
Van Ryneveld, Pierre
Van Ryneveld, Willem Stephanus
Van Straaten, Jan
Vance, Cyrus
Verwoerd, Betsie
Verwoerd, Hendrik
Viljoen, Ben
Viljoen, Constand
Vlok, Adriaan
Vorster B.J. (John)
Vos, Michiel Christiaan
Warren, Charles
Washington, Booker T.
Wassenaar, Andreas
Waterboer, Andries
Webster, Eddie
Weichardt, Louis T.
Weir, James
Wernher, Julius
Wessels, Albert
Wessels, Leon
Wilcocks, R.W.
Wilson, Woodrow
Wodehouse, Sir Philip
Woeke, Moritz
Wolseley, Sir Garnet
Wright, William
Xuma, Alfred
Yussuf, Sheikh
Zibhebhu, Chief
Zihandlo, Chief
Zulu, Shaka
Zuma, Jacob
Zwangendaba, Chief
Zwelithini, King Goodwill
Zwide, Chief
Military operations
Movements, organisations, societies and unions
Aborigines Protection Society
African Mineworkers Union (AMWU)
African Union (AU)
Afrikaanse Nasionale Bond
Afrikaner Bond
Afrikaner Broederbond
Afrikaner Volksfront
All-African Convention (AAC)
Anti-Convict Association
Armed Resistance Movement
Anti-Coloured Affairs Department movement
Azanian People’s Liberation Army (APLA)
Black Consciousness (BC) movement
Black People’s Convention (BPC)
Black Sash
Black Unity Front
Bloemfontein Vigilance Committee
British Indian Association
Cape Malay Association
Chemical Workers Union
Coloured People’s National Union
Committee of Ten
Communist Party of South Africa
Concerned South Africans Group (Cosag)
Congress Alliance
Congress of Democrats
Congress of South African Students
Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
Congress Youth League
Congresses of South African Schools (Cosas)
Council for Non-European Trade Unions (CNETU)
Eminent Persons Group
Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge (FAK)
Fapla
Federation of South African Trade Unions (FOSATU)
Federation of South African Women
FNLA
Food and Canning Workers’ Union
Frelimo
Garment Workers’ Union
General Missionary Conference
Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners (GRA)
Greyshirts
Iliso Lomzi
Imbumbe Yama Nyama
Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union of Africa (ICU)
Inkatha movement
Mass Democratic Movement
Metal and Allied Workers Union
MK (Umkhonto weSizwe)
MPLA
Natal Indian Congress
National Education Crisis Committee (NECC)
National Forum
National Liberation League
National Union of Mineworkers
National Union of South African Students (NUSAS)
National Union of Textile Workers
National Youth Organisation (NAYO)
Natives Representative Council (NRC)
New Order (NO)
Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM)
NUSAS
Orange River Colony Native Vigilance Association
Organisation of African Unity (OAU)
Ossewabrandwag (OB)
Poqo
South African Black Alliance
South African Christian National Socialist Movement
South African Coloured Union
South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU)
South African National Civics Organisation
South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC)
South African Student Organisation (SASO)
South African Students’ Movement (SASM)
Soweto Students Representative Council
Students’ Christian Movement
Torch Commando
Transvaal Basotho Committee
Transvaal Regional Stayaway Committee
Transvaal Vigilance Association
Treatment Action Campaign (TAC)
Union of South Africa (CCAWUSA)
Unita
United Afrikaner League
United Democratic Front (UDF)
United Nations (UN)
Unity Movement (Non-European Unity Movement)
University Christian Movement (UCM)
Volksfront
World Alliance of Reformed Churches
World Council of Churches
Zuid-Afrikaansche Boeren Beschermings Vereeniging (BBV)
Newspapers, magazines and publications
Abantu Batho
Bantu World
De Volksstem
De Zuid-Afrikaan
Die Afrikaanse Patriot
Die Beeld
Die Burger
Die Huisgenoot
Die Transvaler
Die Vaderland
Drum magazine
Financial Mail
Government Gazette
Grahamstown Journal
Het Nederduitsch Zuid-Afrikaansch Tijdschrift (NZAT)
Het Volk
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Ilanga laseNatal
Imvo Zabantsundu
Indian Opinion
Land en Volk
Mail & Guardian
Rand Daily Mail
Rapport
South African Commercial Advertiser
Sunday Times (London)
Sunday Times (South Africa)
The Citizen
The Guardian
The State
The World
Official commissions and reports
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Carnegie Commission
Cillié Commission
Fagan report
Goldstone Commission
Harms Commission
Independent Electoral Commission (IEC)
Independent Media Commission
Lagden Commission
Lansdowne Commission
Locations Commission (1884)
Native Economic Commission
Public Service Commission
Riekert Commission (1979)
Sauer report
South African Native Affairs Commission (SANAC)
Theron Commission
Tomlinson Commission report
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
Wiehahn Commission (1979)
Wilcocks Commission (1934)
Political parties
African Christian Democratic party (ACDP)
African National Congress (ANC)
African People’s Organisation/African Political Organisation (APO)
Afrikaner Party
Azanian People’s Organisation (Azapo)
Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu)
Conservative Party (CP)
Democratic Alliance (DA)
Democratic Party
Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA)
Dominion Party
Freedom Front
Herenigde Nasionale Party (HNP)
Herstigte Nasionale Party (HNP)
Imbumba yaManyama
Indian Congress
Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP)
Labour Party (1910)
Labour Party (coloured)
Liberal Party
National Party (NP)
New National Party
New Republic Party
Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC)
Progressive Federal Party (PFP)
Progressive Party (PP)
Purified National Party
South African Communist Party (SACP)
South African Indian Congress (SAIC)
South African Labour Party
South African Native Congress (SANC)
South African Native National Congress (SANNC)
South African Party (SAP)
South West Africa People’s Organisation (Swapo)
Unionist Party
United Party (UP)
Zimbabwe African People’s Union (Zapu)
Religious societies and institutions
African Methodist Episcopal Church
African Presbyterian Church
Anglican Church
Berlin Missionary Society
Catholic Church
Dutch Reformed Church
Dutch Reformed Sendingkerk
Lutheran Church
Methodist church
Moravian missionaries
Paris Evangelical Mission Society (PEMS)
South African Missionary Society
Wesleyan church
Zionist Church
About the authors
Albert Grundlingh
Andrew Manson
Benjamin Pogrund
Bernard K. Mbenga
Hermann Giliomee
Janette Deacon
Sandra Swart
Google Custom Search
In die media / In the press
14 September 2009: Geskiedenis nie boring (Jip-Volksblad)
25 September is Wiki-Dag: Erfenisdag voortaan op unieke wyse gevier.
Wen 'n Netbook
Ekstra / Extra
Black South African jazz and popular music 1960 - 2000
1976 and the uprisings of soul
Afro-jazz fusion: resistance at home
Jazz in exile
Kwaito a new nation sounded age
The 1980s: the popularity of politics and politics of popularity
Grepe uit die geskiedenis van die Kaap die Goeie Hoop aan die hand van die VOC se Resolusies van die Politieke Raad (1651-1795)
Oosterse Adel aan die Kaap
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